In electromigration, the expressions to atomic flux and Ni-Sn IMC growth rate have been derived from the phenomenological equations. 根据唯象方程,推导出试验条件下阴极和阳极扩散反应区的不同原子净流量和界面IMC的生长速率表达式。
Phenomenological Study of Equations of State and Melting Law at High Pressure for Solids 固体的物态方程和高压熔化规律的唯象研究
Basic principles involved are entropy law, entropy balance equation, phenomenological equations, Onsager reciprocal relation, and minimum entropy production law. 熵定律、熵平衡方程、唯象方程、昂色格互易关系和最小熵增定理构成了非平衡态热力学的基本理论。